Racism Elizabethan And Modern Societies - 1079 Words

Paris Blass Mrs. Malovich English II Honors, Period 7 2 May 2016 Racism in Elizabethan and Modern Societies Modern day society hinders racial diversity, even if it doesn’t quite seem like it. Generations today are more open to ethnic assortment, but yet still are stuck to racial stereotypes. Everyone who is racially diverse is quietly but surely judged based on their different dialect and skin color. Many people today undermine any other race, making their opinions based off of stereotypical theories. Society today obtains high standards of unity. When something is different from the normal, it threatens the unity. This threat often produces fear, leading to the attempt to push out the diversity from the united culture. This judgement also affects the racially diverse, making them of a timorous and cautious nature. The act of being singled out creates a self confidence decline, pushing doubt and insecurity into the mind of the divergent. In result of these racial insecurities, the planting of uncertainty in the mind of Othello was simply facilitated. Through a racial lense, Shakesp eare conveys the quintessence of racism through his vivid racial insecurity and the manner in which Iago and other characters speak about the different race of Othello. This is showcased by the vulnerability Othello presented when confronted with doubt. Connecting to modern society, many people still judge on race, creating a barrier of insecurity between the racially different and conventionalShow MoreRelatedOthello Reflects the Context and Values of its Time Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pagesattitudes held by Elizabethan audiences and those held by contemporary audiences can be seen through the context of the female coupled with the context of racism. The role of the female has developed from being submissive and â€Å"obedient† in the Elizabethan era to being independent and liberated within the contemporary setting. The racism of the first text is overtly xenophobic and natural, whilst the â€Å"moor† is unnatural whereas the updated context portrays Othello’s race as natural and racism as unnaturalRead MorePractice HSC essay1060 Words   |  5 Pagestime. Issues such as racism, the use of language and deception are timeless making them evident throughout both contexts, hence the engagements in both textual forms. Differing contexts convey concerns in different ways through the use of diverse techniques. For example ‘Othello’ is a play which uses props, stage positioning and lighting compared to ‘O’ a film using camera angles, technology and music. This develops a sense of timelessness as issues relevant in the Elizabethan era still being relevantRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare941 Words   |  4 PagesBlack Racism and the public’s reliance on stereotypes to judge individuals of a different decent can be traced throughout literature. The Elizabethan’s are no exception, and as their view of the word grew so did the permeation of racism and xenophobia in their society. Theater in Elizabethan England was full of stereotypical black characters that further perpetuated society’s racist tendencies. One play that challenged these stereotypes was Williams Shakespeare’s play Othello which depicts theRead MoreThe Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesThe Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare Shakespeare’s portrayal of Shylock as rapacious and cruel is in the traditional style of an Elizabethan villain. A modern audience could argue that he has also humanised Shylock, and therefore gained some sympathy for his actions. From your reading of the â€Å"Merchant of Venice† examine these diverse reactions to the complex characterisation of Shylock. Shakespeare’s portrayal of Shylock is unconditionally evil, and a Read MoreDifferent Reactions of a Modern and Elizabethan Audience to Othello640 Words   |  3 PagesIn the Elizabethan era, many of the issues Shakespeare included in his plays were socially accepted by the audience. In contrast these issues are in large not accepted in todays modern society. The first decisive opposing reactions by a modern and Elizabethan audience to a Shakespeare play such as Othello, is the status of women in this period. Othello among other plays of its era, introduce the idea of women as possessions. quot;O heaven! How got she out?quot; Here Brabantio is talkingRead MoreRacism By William Shakespeare s Othello1197 Words   |  5 Pagescategorized into different ethnic groups. Racism is generally defined as discrimination, prejudice, or antagonism directed against an individual(s) of a different race or ethnicity based on a certain belief. Every society that once lived on this Earth has essentially been affected by this global issue. Racism has been one of the most malicious aspects of the human race since the very beginning of history, and is still a topic of great debate in modern society. As all the major events of the human raceRead MoreIf Othello Had Been Written in Modern Times How Would It Differ1246 Words   |  5 Pagesdiffer? Specific question: If Othello had been set in a modern era, how would it differ? Title of text: Othello Task is related to course section Pt 4: Literature- Critical Study, The individual, Community and Identity Task focus: The aim of this essay is to analyse how Shakespeare’s play Othello would differ if it had been set in a politically correct and modern society such as ours. If Othello had been set in a modern era, how would it differ? The play Othello is a tragedyRead MorePower, Race and Women in Othello by Shakespear and Sax1443 Words   |  6 PagesRace Shakespeare †¢ A fear of foreigners during Elizabethan times fostered misogynistic and racist values, which is evident in the way Othello’s blackness becomes a symbol of alienation to which all characters in the play must respond. †¢ Using grotesque animal imagery, Iago voices an explicitly stereotypical view of Othello, as a â€Å"Barbary horse,† depicting him as an animalistic outsider. Through the image of conflict in black and white, Iago emphasises on the racial demarcation betweenRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s We Didn t Start The Fire 1378 Words   |  6 PagesPatrick Baker Mrs. Conn Honors English II 24 November 2015 Shakespeare’s thoughts on Modern Culture To aide in this paper, I have chosen the song â€Å"We didn’t start the Fire,† by Billy Joel to help provide modern events that William Shakespeare’s works can relate to. Shakespeare’s plethora of works provide information about his thoughts on society during his life. Many events and topics that are seen in modern culture are relatable to events that occurred during Shakespeare’s life, such as governmentRead MoreA Comparative Study of Othello and O991 Words   |  4 Pagesuniversal themes explored in both ‘Othello’ – a classical play wriitten four centuries ago, and ‘O’ – a modern film adaptation of the play made in 2000. Despite the differences in contexts between the two texts, the composers were able to present universal themes such as race and gender through the use of literary techniques appropriate to audiences of the time. ‘Othello’ was written in the Elizabethan era. Its characters and their language reflected much of the white European society’s views of race

J.b. Salinger s A Perfect Day For Bananafish

Matthew Silbernagel Ms. Clark English III 30 November 2015 J.D. Salinger her was born in New York City in 1919. He wrote in the post war time period where writers wrote mostly about aesthetic or social rather than political problems. J.D. Salinger is the son of a Jewish father and a Christian mother. After enrollment at both NYU and Columbia University he devoted himself to writing and by 1940 he had published some short stories. But his career as a writer was interrupted by World War II. He was drafted into the war in 1942 and was moved to the Counter-Intelligence Corps in 1943. The next year he trained in England, joined the American Army’s Fourth Division, and landed at Utah Beach on D-Day. He then served in five European campaigns as Security Agent for the Twelfth Infantry Regiment. After the war he started his writing career back up for the New Yorker. Some of his most popular stories include his first story for The New Yorker, A Perfect Day for Bananafish which is about the suicide of a veteran and For Esmà © With Love and Squalor which describes a U.S. soldier s meeting with two British kids. He has published a total of thirty five short stories including many in The Saturday Evening Post, Story, and Colliers between 1940 and 1948 and in The New Yorker from 1948 to 1965. He was also very interested in Zen Buddhism, Hindu-Buddhism, and other Eastern beliefs. Buddhism can be found throughout Nine Stories in the book s closing story Teddy. He also was a

Essay about Common Sense, Ethics, and Dogma in The Wife of...

Common Sense, Ethics, and Dogma in The Wife of Bath In his Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer assembles a band of pilgrims who, at the behest of their host, engage in a story-telling contest along their route. The stories told along the way serve a number of purposes, among them to entertain, to instruct, and to enlighten. In addition to the intrinsic value of the tales taken individually, the tales in their telling reveal much about the tellers. The pitting of tales one against another provides a third level of complexity, revealing the interpersonal dynamics of the societal microcosm comprising the diverse group of pilgrims. Within the larger context, the tales can be divided into groups. These ‘fragments’ are each cohesive, not†¦show more content†¦Both the young knights in the tale possess that most basic characteristic of courtly romance, that of hopeless covetousness – desiring that which is seemingly unattainable. Alice of Bath gives us an exercise in critical thinking by taking issue with this basic premise of courtly love, to be felt towards lovers, but not towards wives. In introducing his modern English translation of the Canterbury Tales, Nevill Coghill gives us a primer in courtly love, thus: It was not in fashion to write poems to one’s wife. It could even be debated whether love could ever have a place in marriage; the typical situation in which a ‘courtly lover’ found himself was to be plunged in a secret, an illicit, and even an adulterous passion for some seemingly unattainable and pedestalized lady†¦ the most beautiful of absolute disasters, an agony as much desired as bemoaned †¦ This was not in theory the attitude of a husband to his wife. It was for a husband to command, for a wife to obey (12). With both the acceptability of this first assumption of covetousness, and this second assumption that love has no place in marriage, Alice takes issue in her prologue and tale. Alice’s tale espouses her authentic morality. While she makes it plain in her prologue that she respects the dogma and ritual of religion to a point, Alice of Bath has departed from tradition inShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesassumptions of symbolic interactionism Strengths and weaknesses of the symbolic interactionist understanding of organizations Phenomenology reaches the emotions Ethnomethodology: understanding organizational ‘common sense’ Organizational symbolism The ways in which individuals develop a sense of self in organizations 282 282 284 286 287 288 288 293 294 298 300 301 . Contents xi The self as dramatic artful creation Negotiating the way between the self and the organization’s rules DevelopingRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesDowden Philosophy Department California State University Sacramento Sacramento, CA 95819 USA ii iii Preface Copyright  © 2011-14 by Bradley H. Dowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specifiedRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pageswas once called the â€Å"New Economy† approach to management and leadership (which was viewed as â€Å"diffused and networked†) converge with today’s payoffs in â€Å"Old Economy† companies (which once were thought of as being â€Å"hierarchical† and â€Å"appointed†). The common denominator is constantly improving the perceived value for customers, investors, employees, suppliers, and the public, which is the foundation for success in serving today’s very buyer-savvy markets. Understanding the new strength of business management

Intellectual Disabilities Essay - 1164 Words

Persons with Intellectual Disabilities or Intellectually Disabled Persons: Which is the Classifying Entity? As I write this, sitting in a solitaire corner of the library, Im gently enclosing in my hand a simple rubber bracelet. My inspiration. Not the famous, bright yellow LiveStrong ones that Neil Armstrong once yielded, but a modest black band with contrasting white letters simply stating I See You. This statement may seem unpretentious and bland, maybe even comical to some, but it has a sincere meaning that, once elaborated, is a melodious significance and tribute to not only the raw entanglement of modern human culture, but also the subtle complex notions of social interactions. Central Africas customary greeting is I See†¦show more content†¦Others believe its the parents fault in the first place, for being such a bad parent that a child resorts to a mental illness by choice. And worse yet, many believe that a mandatory vaccine alleged to protect a child from measles, m umps and rubella actually ruins that childs life by inflicting autism upon them and spinning them into a life of solitude and personal resentment. The few people in the world that are so unlucky as to be stricken with such retardations are doomed to an incomplete and hopeless circuition. Why even bother keeping people with intellectual disabilities alive? Ive heard asked. Some even argue its inhumane to make them go through this. What these people dont understand is that they themselves are profoundly ignorant, uncultivated and downright primitive. As I mentioned above, I am a Peer Buddy in Best Buddies and I work with the intellectually disabled on a daily basis. Ive learned more about myself during this than I have through any other experience. I walked into this environment with the same notions I mentioned above, but not a single one is true. Being intellectually disabled isnt even a mental illness, retardation or a choice. Its a behavioral disorder that can be a hidden blessing . These people have the ability to see life through a childs eyes everyday. They are excited by the simplest things and can find the fun or creativity in anything put at them. I was onceShow MoreRelatedIntellectual Impairment And Intellectual Disability1319 Words   |  6 Pageshaving an intellectual impairment or intellectual disability (The Arc). People who have these conditions are rarely given the same opportunities as people who don’t, and because of this, many very talented individuals go unnoticed and never reach their full potential. In a time where one to three percent of Americans have this disability, this is an issue that affects almost everyone either by knowing someone who has it or by knowing someone who is affected by it. People with intellectual impairmentsRead MoreChildren With An Intellectual Disability1556 Words   |  7 Pageswhen overcoming certain challenges and obstacles in their lives. Jo began explaining what it was like having a child with an int ellectual disability from early on. When Jody was born, Jo and his wife were given to option of whether or not they wanted to keep him. During this time, it was something that was not uncommon for parents with children that were born with a disability to be asked. Several of these parents had the choice of whether or not to keep and raise their children or the child couldRead MoreChildren With Intellectual Disabilities ( Id )1673 Words   |  7 PagesHistorically children with intellectual disabilities (ID) were taught in segregated schools. Over the past two decades inclusive practices, addressing the equality of people with an intellectual disability (ID) has gained recognition through treaties and policies in Australia and internationally (IDEA, 2004; UNCRPD, 2006). School inclusion supports the rights of students with ID to be taught in mainstream schools. During this time researchers have studied the views and attitudes of students towardsRead MoreIntellectual Disabilities Essay683 Words   |  3 PagesIn reading chapter 8 on intellectual disabilities, I found that the field of intellectual disabilities has developed throughout the years. The term intellectual disabilities and mental retardation are used interchangeably. The term â€Å"mental retardation† is the federal definition used by IDEA, however many states today do not use the term. Many people do not use the term mental retardation because of its history. Long ago, students who were known to have â€Å"mental retardation† were put in special schoolsRead MoreIntellectual Disability Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesUnder the law, intellectual disability in relation to a person over the age of 5 years, is defined as significant sub-average general intellectual functioning; and significant deficits in adaptive behaviour, each of which manifest before the age of 18 years. Legal Responses Legislation Many intellectually disabled individuals are mis treated and discriminated against in the work place or the community. In response to this, two main acts have been established ; the Disability Discrimination ActRead MoreChildren With Intellectual And Physical Disabilities1421 Words   |  6 Pagesin our world are born with intellectual and physical disabilities. These people don’t have any control over how they are born, but we as a nation have the authority over how they are taken care of. From reading the fictional book â€Å"Flowers for Algernon,† the nonfiction articles â€Å"Disabled Couple Forced to Live Apart,† and â€Å"Social Sensitivity.† Many people with disabilities are not allowed jobs and/or education. The percentage of unemployment for people with disabilities is 12.1. There are numerousRead MoreEssay on Understanding Persons with Intellectual Disabilities1518 Words   |  7 Pages It is important to understand the terms that are associated with intellectual disabilities. The first term is disability. Disability is an individual performing which includes physical, sensory, cognitive, intellectual mental illness impairments, and various types of chronic diseases. The next term involves intelligence. This term is the ability to think logically, reason out problems, prepare, understand difficult ideas, examine intellectually, and the ability to determine quickly and or acquireRead MoreEssay on Intellectual Disability2319 Words   |  10 Pages287,572,700 people, 14,144,300 of them have an intellectual disability. In the state of South Carolina, 5.6% of the population has an intellectual disability. This means from a base population of 4,311,200, an estimated 242,600 are considered to have an intellectual disability. This survey included all ag es, races, all genders, and all education levels (â€Å"Disability Statistics†). Intellectual disability is characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. This coversRead MoreSocial Inclusion And Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagesinclusion among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) the social dynamics of these circumstances can be more complex then traditionally anticipated. In the United States of American six and a half million people, on average, have intellectual and or developmental disabilities. This translates into two and a half percent of the population (Morstad 2010). Globally, about two hundred million people have intellectual and or developmental disabilities. Worldwide, this makes upRead MoreStudents With Intellectual Disabilities ( Id )1107 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) in a classroom setting. I had interviewed Ms. Chisolm (Special Education Teacher) for the Jersey City Public Schools District, who works with students of multiple disabilities. Intelligence disabilities (ID) mean the mental capabilities of a child’s knowledge and skills. Intellectual disability can be developed during childbirth or before the age of eighteen. It is imperative for me to know, â€Å"What are the characteristics of students with intellectual disabilities

Legal Process Paper Discrimination Free Essays

John, a 45 year old minority, is an employee in a private sector organization. He would like to file a discrimination complaint against his employer. What should he do? For many employees in the United States like John, there is a need to demystify the legal process so that they can take the right course of action. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Process Paper: Discrimination or any similar topic only for you Order Now The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) avers that any individual with the belief that there has been a violation of his employment rights may file a charge of discrimination against the EEOC. In fact, aside from John himself, another individual, organization, or agency may file in his behalf so that John’s identity would be protected. It is imperative to understand how the litigation process in United States courts is referred to as an â€Å"adversarial† system. The adversarial nature is because of the reliance on the litigants to present their dispute before a neutral fact-finder, according to the US Courts website. By analogy, this neutral fact-finder for employment cases is the EEOC, by virtue of the powers vested in it by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. On what ground is John planning to file his complaint? He can choose from several laws but for the purposes of this discussion, what may be relevant to John’s case are Title VII and the Age Discrimination and Employment Act. Title VII of The Civil Rights Act of 1964 This Act was landmark legislation in creating the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, in eliminating race segregation and discrimination based on sex. The principle of â€Å"promotion from within† is invoked in equity since employers had already taken advantage of incumbent minority and female employees by using them in segregated jobs and often in depressed pay rates (Blumrosen, 1993, p. 74). The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) For persons aged 40 or over, the ADEA prohibits employment discrimination. Sec.623 provides for specific prohibitions against: discrimination in terms of hiring, promotions, wage and retiree health benefits(including a system to calculate the fees and ages); mandatory retirement; and publication of age preferences and limitations in advertisements for hiring. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) SEC. 705 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 provides for the creation, composition, duties, quasi-judicial functions and powers and of the EEOC. Corollary to this is Sec. 706 on the prevention of the unlawful employment practices, formulating the procedure for filing civil actions under the Commission. Pursuant to this, John may file a charge in person or by mail at the EEOC office. He should fill out an intake questionnaire that contains all the information detailing his charge based on the statutes discussed above. John should also state a clear request for EEOC to act on his complaint. If John is a federal employee, he must refer to the Federal Sector Equal Opportunity Complaint Processing, which is also available on the EEOC website. What should John’s charge contain? He must state his name, address, telephone number, and the same details for the employer he is complaining against. If there were other employees in a similar situation, John must also allege that in the charge. He must describe the alleged violation and the date of its occurrence, subject to the grounds defined in the statutes above. Before he can file a lawsuit in court, this is the first step that John must accomplish. To protect his rights, John must ensure that he files the charge with the EEOC within 180 days or about six months from when he was discriminated against. If John anchors his charge on violation of the ADEA, state laws can extend this period to 300 days. If there is a local anti-discrimination law, there is also a 300 day extension. What is crucial is for John to contact EEOC as soon as he believes that his rights are being violated. Civil Litigation Process – State Level Sec. 706 refers to the process for John himself. Sec. 707 of Title VII refers to the functions of the Attorney General in determining reasonable cause and placing the complaint under the jurisdiction of the district courts. If reasonable cause is found, John’s case can be filed in Court subject to the rules on dispute resolution. The Attorney General should file a complaint: â€Å"(1) signed by him, (2) setting forth facts pertaining to such pattern or practice, and (3) requesting such relief†¦against the person or persons responsible for such pattern or practice, as he deems necessary†¦.† He may file with the clerk of court a request for three judges to hear the case with a certification that John’s case is of general public importance. An important point is on the matter of expediting proceedings. The Judicial Conference on Dispute Resolution (2007) asserts, before John can invoke formal procedures, all reasonable steps to resolve disputes via informal methods should be undertaken. Examples of these include counseling and/or mediation, prior to a formal hearing (p.2). According to the US Courts website, mediation is a flexible, nonbinding dispute resolution procedure in which a neutral third party facilitates negotiations between the parties. It saves time and money for the litigants — in this case, John and his employer. Also, Mechan (1997) wrote that a discovery case management plan is required at the initial pretrial conference between John and his employer (p.39) so that delays would be avoided. If mediation, counseling and dispute resolution did not prosper, then the chief judge must set the case for hearing. Civil Litigation Process – Supreme Court The Supreme Court has jurisdiction over appeals from the final judgment of the district court convened to hear the case of John, as requested by the Attorney General after the intake questionnaire and complaint filed at the EEOC. Subject to the rules on civil procedure, what is important is to guarantee that each party is not denied his day in Court. That, and only that, can help John resolve the legal issue of employment discrimination. References Blumrosen, Alfred W. Modern Law: The Law Transmission System and Equal Employment Opportunity. Wisconsin: U of Wisconsin P. 1993. Mecham, L. R. (1997, May). United States Courts: Judicial Conference of the United States. The Civil Justice Reform Act of 1990: Final Report on Alternative Proposals for Reduction of Cost and Delay, Assessment of Principles, Guidelines Techniques. Retrieved November 26, 2007 US Congress. 42 U.S.C.  § 2000e [2] et seq. (1964). Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Retrieved November 26, 2007 US Congress. 29 U.S.C.  § 621-624. (1967). The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967. Retrieved November 26, 2007 from http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/adea.html The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (Modified: 2007, September 11). Filing a Charge of Employment Discrimination. Retrieved   November 26, 2007, from http://www.eeoc.gov/charge/overview_charge_filing.html United States Courts. (  Ã‚   ) .Litigation Process. Retrieved November 26, 2007 United States Courts. (2006, July). In Resolving Disputes, Mediation Most Favored ADR Option in District Courts. Vol. 38, Number 7. Retrieved November 26, 2007 United States Courts. (2007, August 6). Statement of Work: Model Employment Dispute Resolution Plan Improvements. Retrieved November 26, 2007    How to cite Legal Process Paper: Discrimination, Essay examples

Pathophysiology of Diabetes Diabetes Characterized

Question: Discuss about the case study Pathophysiology of Diabetes for Diabetes Characterized. Answer: Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus refers to a metabolic disease where there is high blood sugar level in the body for a long period of time. Diabetes Mellitus is characterized with frequent urination, thirst and increased appetite. If diabetes is not given medical attention, it could lead to blindness, kidney failure, heart disease, and stroke. Diabetes results from pancreatic failure to produce enough insulin. Normally, human body is expected to break down sugars and carbohydrates into glucose. Glucose gives energy to the body, however, for this to happen; insulin is needed (Stoglade, 2014, p. 204-209). Diabetes mellitus therefore makes the cells in the body unable to take in the glucose, making it build up in the body. An increase in blood glucose leads to damage of blood vessels in the body organs such as; heart, eyes and kidney. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a chronic diabetic disease that may lead to a coma when not properly monitored. It results from insufficient glucose in the body that is needed for energy for body operations. This condition initiates the body to burn down fat for the purposes of energy production. The energy burnt down from fats produces ketones. This is especially done when theres not enough insulin to use the glucose that the body needs. However, great concentrations of ketones in the body may become more acidic which in turn poison the body (Rosival, 2014). Classification of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus is divided into three, namely; first, type 1 diabetes mellitus in which the pancreas does not produce enough insulin; second is type 2 diabetes mellitus in which the body cells do not utilize the insulin produced; third, gestational diabetes which occurs in pregnant women when they have high blood sugar levels (Assal Group, 2010, p. 97-101). Type 1 diabetes is also called juvenile onset diabetes because it begins in childhood. In this, the body tends to attack the pancreas with antibodies, thus interfering with its ability to make insulin. Type 1 diabetes affects nerves in the eyes and kidneys. It is normally managed by administering insulin to the patient through injections using syringes, insulin pens and jet injectors. When a person notices that he/she has type 1 diabetes, his/her lifestyle is expected to change tremendously. For instance, one needs to test their blood sugar levels frequently, frequent exercise, maintaining a healthy diet and taking insulin as r equired (National Diabetes Data Group, 2011, p. 103-110). Type 2 diabetes occurs in a situation where the body either produces very little insulin that is not enough for normal body functions or the body cells become resistant to the insulin produced. Individuals who develop type 2 diabetes are usually obese. It is however controllable by management of weight, proper nutrition and frequent exercise to avoid cases of obesity. Gestation diabetes is normally diagnosed in the second or the last trimester of pregnancy because pregnancy to some level leads to insulin intolerance. Gestational diabetes is risky to the newborn baby because they can have abnormal weight gain in the womb, breathing problems after birth and risk of being obese and developing diabetes later in their lives. The woman also faces the risk of undergoing caesarean section because of an overweight baby, or problems with their eyes, nerves, kidneys, or heart. Luckily, after pregnancy, this type of diabetes resolves its elf on its own. It is however possible that after a woman suffers gestational diabetes; they can develop type 2 diabetes later in life. A pregnant woman suffering from gestational diabetes can have healthy meals, carry out daily exercise and taking insulin to control blood sugar if need be as a measure of trying to treat and control the effects of gestational diabetes. (Gavin, Alberti, Davidson De Fronzo, 2013, p. 79) Determinants of health There are several factors which when put together affect the health of an individual or a population. Where a person lives, his/her environment, genetic composition, a persons income, education level and relationship with other members of the community greatly determine ones health. Rarely does a person have control over the determinants of his/her health and it is therefore not right blaming a person over their health status. Determinants of health according to World Health Organization (W.H.O.) are classified into; income, social status, education, physical environment, working conditions, genetics, personal behavior, gender, social support networks and health services. Income affects a persons health in the following ways; a person inclined to a high income is directly related to good health. This is because, with the high income a person earns, he or she is able to access a good hospital in case they fall sick. Besides, they are able to go for routine medical checkup, unlike a pe rson with low income who uses the low income they earn for the purpose of acquiring basic needs. A person with a high social status is also linked to good health system because they can use their influence to attain the best medical services. People with low education are directly linked to poor health because they are ignorant of the various diseases that affect human beings and measures that can be taken to control and treat these diseases (Blas Kurup, 2010, p. 44-56). Physical environment comprises of aspects such as safe water, safe houses, clean unpolluted air and good roads. A person who has access to all of these is sure of having good health because they use clean drinking water which is safe from disease causing organisms, the air that they breathe in does not cause respiratory diseases and they have access to good roads, meaning that when they fall sick they can easily reach the hospital. The people who dont have access to these privileges tend to be prone to diseases because they are greatly exposed to disease causing organisms. When it comes to working conditions, people who are employed and have control over their working conditions are healthier than those who are unemployed, or those who are employed but have no control over their working conditions because the latter group could be working in poor conditions (for example a dirty working environment) but are not able to fight for their rights, exposing them to disease causing organisms (Hankivisky Christoffersen, 2013, p. 87). Another determinant of health is genetics. Inheritance has a great role in determining the health of a person because there are diseases that are inherited for example diabetes type 2. The disease is therefore passed from one generation to another, posing a risk to a person from such a lineage. Personal behavior determines a persons health because behavior is related to activity through physical exercise, balanced meals, smoking and taking alcohol. Lack of exercise and taking unbalanced meals leads to diseases such as diabetes (Benoit Shumka, 2009, p. 58-63). Smoking can lead to lung diseases and taking alcohol leads to diseases such as liver cirrhosis. Gender is yet another determinant of health because men and women tend to suffer from different diseases. For instance, it is not possible for a man to suffer from gestational diabetes because men do not get pregnant. People who are more exposed to social support networks tend to be healthier than those who do not because sharing pro blems in social support networks eases anxiety that a person may be facing, hence relieving them from diseases such as hypertension (Wilkinson, 2015, p. 105). A person who does not share their problems tends to be more depressed leading to severe cases of hypertension. Culture as a determinant of health influences a persons well-being because some customs and traditions expose a person to disease causing organisms. For instance, some cultures are against washing of hands, exposing members of such communities to germs and other pathogens. Last determinant of health is access to health services. If a person is able to access and make use of health facilities, they can access proper treatment and prevention of certain diseases, making them lead healthy lives (HitirisPosnett, 2015, p. 33-40). Conclusion It is important to link the determinants of health and diabetes mellitus. Some groups of people are more predisposed to diabetes mellitus than others. For instance, inadequate transport in some areas may force the people to travel long distances to obtain medical care and also to obtain healthy foods with regard to diabetes mellitus. People living in urban areas lack sidewalks because of congestion in urban cities, making the residents feel lazy going for walks as a type of physical exercise. The income of a person may determine how a person with diabetes mellitus takes care of him or herself. For instance, a person with higher income can afford money to go for the insulin injections. The personal behavior of a person can determine if this person will be affected by diabetes mellitus, for instance, a person who has a behavior of binge eating is likely to be obese and therefore develop diabetes mellitus. The genetic make-up of a person determines if a person will have diabetes mellitu s or not because sometimes the medical condition is inherited from one generation to the other. Education level of a person determines how he/she takes care of him/herself in case of diabetes mellitus because at some point of acquiring education, one is taught about the causes of diabetes mellitus and various ways of managing the disease. References Assal, J. P., Group, L., 2010.Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications.World Health Organization.p. 97-101. Benoit, C., Shumka, L., 2009. Gendering the health determinants framework: Why girls and womens health matters. Vancouver, BC: Womens Health Research Network.p. 58-63. Blas, E., Kurup, A., 2010. Equity, social determinants and public health programmes. World Health Organization. p. 44-56. Gavin. J., Alberti, K., Davidson., De Fronzo, R., 2013. 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